反倾层状边坡弯曲折断的应力及挠度判据

以地质分析为基础 ,将反倾层状边坡的任意岩层概化为受复合作用力的板梁模型 ,通过简单的力学解析 ,开展了反倾层状岩石边坡弯曲折断判据的研究。依据岩层折断时和相临岩层的瞬时关系 ,将岩层下部视为瞬时临空状态 ,考虑岩层自重荷载和上部岩层附加荷载 (上部岩层重力荷载、层间摩擦力 )的共同作用 ,基于最大拉应力准则 ,提出了岩层弯曲折断的应力判据 ;依据应力判据 ,得到了岩层弯曲折断的挠度判据 ;利用应力判据及挠度判据 ,可实现反倾层状边坡弯曲折断的现场判定及其控制设计     

Mechanics of rubber shear springs

FEA calculations have been carried out for a model rubber shear spring, consisting of a block of a highly elastic material, bonded between two rigid parallel plates and sheared by displacing one of the plates parallel to the other in its own plane. The block was prevented from deforming in the perpendicular direction, and thus was deformed in plane strain. Stress distributions along the bond-line and the center-line are reported and compared with those expected from the theory of large elastic deformations. Unexpected tensile stresses were found to develop in the interior of the sheared block. They are attributed to the absence on the end surfaces of the stresses needed to maintain a simple shear, causing a pronounced change in the reference pressure—a consequence that is usually overlooked. Because the internal stresses are governed by the boundary conditions, they were strongly affected by the shape of the end surfaces. In addition, they were reduced markedly by assigning values to Poisson's ratio slightly lower than 0.5, thus allowing some volume expansion of the rubber. Strain energy release rates were also evaluated for growth of a crack along the bond-line, starting at the edges, and compared with those reported previously by Lindley and Teo [Energy for crack growth at the bonds of rubber springs, Plast. Rubber Mat. Appl. 4 (1979) 29-37], Muhr et al. [A fracture mechanics study of natural rubber-to-metal bond failure, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 10 (1996) 593-616], Gregory and Muhr [Stiffness and fracture analysis of bonded rubber blocks in simple shear, in: D. Boast, V.A. Coveny (Eds.), Finite Element Analysis of Elastomers, Professional Engineering Publications, Bury St. Edmunds, UK, 1999, pp. 265-274] and Gough and Muhr [Initiation of failure of rubber close to bondlines, in: Proceedings of the International Rubber Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands, June 2005, IOM Communications Ltd., London, 2005, pp. 165-174]. They confirm that a long crack at the compression edge will grow faster than one at the tension edge, but the results for short cracks were inconclusive.     

割口单向叠层板的拉伸应力集中与强度

基于剪滞理论,建立一种分层剪滞模型,分析了含割口的单向叠层板在拉伸载荷作用下的应力重新分布问题,获得了割口前缘完整纤维的应力集中因子.在此基础上,采用细观统计破坏理论,研究了割口单向叠层板的拉伸破坏强度,得到了与现有实验较吻合的结果.     

Hydrodynamic Model for the Evolution of an Invaded Zone in Borehole Drilling

The evolution of an invaded zone during borehole drilling in water- and oil-saturated sand formations is studied by mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic processes in porous media filled with a two-component fluid. The use of hydrodynamic modeling to interpret high-frequency electromagnetic logs makes it possible to construct consistent geoelectric and hydrodynamic models for formations with different fluid saturations. The results obtained are in good agreement with geological and geophysical data.     

Fatigue crack growth behavior of Al7050-T7451 attachment lugs under flight spectrum variation

This paper discusses an analytical and experimental investigations of the fatigue crack growth behavior in attachment lugs subjected to a randomized flight-by-flight spectrum. In the analysis, the stress intensity factors for through-the-thickness cracks initiating from lug holes were compared by weight function method, boundary element method (BEM), the interpolation of Brussat’s solution. The stress intensity factors of a corner crack at a transition region were obtained using two parameter weight function method and correction factors. Fatigue life under a load spectrum was predicted using stress intensity factors and Willenborg retardation model considering the effects of a tensile overload. Experiments were performed under a load spectrum and compared with the fatigue life prediction using the stress intensity factors by different methods. Changes of fatigue life and aspect ratio according to the clipping level of the spectrum were discussed through experiment and prediction. Effect of the spectrum clipping level on the fatigue life was experimentally evaluated by using beach marks of fractured surface.     

Shear-induced aggregation and break up of fibril clusters close to the percolation concentration

To probe the behaviour of fibrillar assemblies of ovalbumin under oscillatory shear, close to the percolation concentration, c_p (7.5%), rheo-optical measurements and Fourier transform rheology were performed. Different results were found close to c_p (7.3%), compared to slightly further away from c_p (6.9 and 7.1%). For 6.9 and 7.1%, a decrease in complex viscosity, and a linear increase in birefringence, n, with increasing strain was observed, indicating deformation and orientation of the fibril clusters. For 7.3%, a decrease in complex viscosity was followed by an increase in complex viscosity with increasing strain, which coincided with a strong increase in n, dichroism, n, and the intensity of the normalized third harmonic (I₃/I₁). This regime was followed by a second decrease in complex viscosity, where n,n and I₃/I₁ decreased. In the first regime where the viscosity was decreasing with increasing strain, deformation and orientation of existing clusters takes place. At higher oscillatory shear, a larger deformation occurs and larger structures are formed, which is most likely aggregation of the clusters. Finally, at even higher strains, the clusters break up again. An increase in complex viscosity, n, n and I₃/I₁ was observed when a second strain sweep was performed 30 min after the first. This indicates that the shear-induced cluster formation and break up are not completely reversible, and the initial cluster size distribution is not recovered after cessation of flow.     

LIF技术测量浓度场的影响因素分析

本文研究了作为示踪剂的荧光素钠的谱图，测定了荧光素钠在蒸馏水和普通自来水中的吸光系数，估算了荧光分子的平均寿命。最后，详细分析了浓度、激光功率、温度、ｐＨ值和截止滤光片对荧光强度的影响。     

Cloud dispersion models

A new technique has been developed to compute mean and fluctuating concentrations in complex turbulent flows. An initial distribution of material is discretised into any small clouds which are advected by a combination of the mean flow and large scale turbulence. The turbulence can be simulated either by Kinematic Simulation or by a stochastic model for the motion of each cloud centroid. The clouds also diffuse relative to their centroids; the statistics for this are obtained from a separate calculation of the growth of individual clouds in small scale turbulence, generated by Kinematic Simulation. The ensemble of discrete clouds is periodically rediscretised, to limit the size of the small clouds and prevent overlapping. The model is illustrated with simulations of dispersion in uniform flow and in a coastal flow, and the results are compared with analytic, steady state solutions where available.     

On the functional form of non-local elasticity kernels

The functional form of non-local elasticity kernels is studied within the context of the integral formalism. The study is limited to linear isotropic elasticity. The kernels are derived analytically based on the discrete structure of the material at the atomic scale. Atomistic simulations are used to validate the results. Materials in which the interatomic interactions are represented by pair, as well as embedded atom-type potentials are considered. The derived kernels have a range which extends up to the cut-off radius of the interatomic potential, are positive at the origin, and become negative approximately one atomic distance away, thus departing from the commonly assumed Gaussian functional form. The functional form of the potential and the radial distribution function of interacting neighbors about a representative atom fully define their shape. This new continuum model involves two material length scales that are both derived from atomistics for a Morse solid and for Al. Two applications are considered in closure. It is shown that in strained superlattices, the non-local model predicts maximum stresses that are much larger than those obtained within the local theory. This observation has implications for defect nucleation in these structures. Furthermore, the new non-local model improves upon the Gaussian one by predicting a more realistic wave dispersion relationship, with essentially zero group velocity at the boundary of the Brillouin zone.     

Cavitated bifurcation for composed compressible hyper-elastic materials

The cavitated bifurcation problem in a solid sphere composed of two compressible hyper-elastic materials is examined. The bifurcation solution for the composed sphere under a uniform radial tensile boundary dead-load is obtained. The bifurcation curves and the stress contributions subsequent to the cavitation are given. The right and left bifurcation as well as the catastrophe and concentration of stresses are analyzed. The stability of solutions is discussed through an energy comparison. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19802012).